The Second Treaty of Paris, signed on 20 November 1815, marked a decisive end to the Napoleonic Wars, reshaping Europe's political landscape.
Following Napoleon Bonaparte’s defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, France was forced to negotiate terms with her victorious allies, which included Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria.
The treaty imposed harsh conditions: France would cede territory gained after 1790, endure an occupation of allied troops for up to five years, and pay an indemnity of 700 million francs.
This arrangement reflected the allies' determination to ensure France's military ambitions were curbed and to restore stability across Europe.
