China announced its biggest ever reduction in the benchmark mortgage rate on Tuesday, as authorities sought to prop up the struggling property market and broader economy.
The 25-basis point cut to the five-year loan prime rate (LPR) was the largest since the reference rate was introduced in 2019 and far more than analysts had expected.
"This is the biggest signal. In other words, the largest interest rate cut cycle in history has begun," said Yan Yuejin, analyst at E-House China Research and Development Institution. The cut will directly impact the real estate sector by lowering mortgage costs, he said.
The five-year loan prime rate (LPR) was lowered by 25 basis points to 3.95% from 4.20% previously, while the one-year LPR was left unchanged at 3.45%.
Most new and outstanding loans in China are based on the one-year LPR, while the five-year rate influences the pricing of mortgages.
In a Reuters poll of 27 market watchers conducted this week, 25 expected a reduction to the five-year LPR. They projected a cut of five to 15 basis points.
The deeper-than-expected cut also suggests Beijing is no longer as concerned about the negative effects of lower lending rates on the currency or banks as they were last year.
A central bank-backed newspaper said on Tuesday that the benchmark mortgage rate cut would not create a negative impact on banks' net interest margins.
At the same time, diminished spillover effects from other major economies, particularly the United States where the Federal Reserve is now expected to cut rates, allowed Beijing to provide more monetary policy support.
Still, authorities are likely to remain wary of pressure on the yuan from lower domestic rates.
The Chinese currency fell to its lowest since 20 November after the LPR announcement but has since trimmed losses.
Sources told Reuters that China's major state-owned banks stepped in to the market selling dollars for yuan, in an attempt to arrest weakness.
In stock markets, while the property and banking sectors made gains, the rates decision failed to shore up broader investor confidence.
China last trimmed the five-year LPR in June 2023 by 10 basis points.
Beijing has stepped up efforts to rescue the ailing property sector, but the measures have come in fits and starts, weighing heavily on a sector that drives a quarter of the economy and on the stock market.
New home prices saw their worst declines in nine years in 2023, while the stock market, opens new tab is languishing after hitting five-year lows.
Government-backed media last week reported that state banks have boosted lending to residential projects under the "white list" mechanism aimed at injecting liquidity into the crisis-hit sector.
Most analysts and investors are waiting for more measures to boost consumption and put a floor under property prices, their hopes higher after authorities replaced the chairman of the market regulator just before the Lunar New Year break.
"I think this move is more signal than substance," said Ben Bennett, Asia-Pacific investment strategist at Legal and General Investment Management in Hong Kong. "Most people aren't buying houses because mortgage costs are too high, they're worried about developers going bankrupt and house prices falling."
"But it does signal a determination to support the housing market. We need to see if this is followed up with more cash injections into lenders, housing projects and developers."
More easing could be coming. Recent deposit rate cuts and the reduction to bank reserves are giving commercial banks space to reduce borrowing costs to support the economy.
While the new mortgage reference rate comes into effect immediately, existing mortgage holders will not benefit from any reduction in loan repayments until next year, as mortgage rate repricing is on a yearly basis.
The LPR, which banks normally charge their best clients, is set by 20 designated commercial banks who submit proposed rates to the central bank every month.
